Preparation of ULTOMIRIS

Each vial of ULTOMIRIS is intended for single-dose only.

Do not mix ULTOMIRIS 100 mg/mL (3 mL and 11 mL vials) and 10 mg/mL (30 mL vial) concentrations together.

Use aseptic technique to prepare ULTOMIRIS as follows:

1. The number of vials to be diluted is determined based on the individual patient's weight and the prescribed dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
2. Prior to dilution, visually inspect the solution in the vials; the solution should be free of any particulate matter or precipitation. Do not use if there is evidence of particulate matter or precipitation.
3. Withdraw the calculated volume of ULTOMIRIS from the appropriate number of vials and dilute in an infusion bag using 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP to a final concentration of:
   • 50 mg/mL for the 3 mL and 11 mL vial sizes or
   • 5 mg/mL for the 30 mL vial size.

   The product should be mixed gently. Do not shake. Protect from light. Do not freeze.

   Refer to the following reference tables for preparation:

   ULTOMIRIS 100 mg/mL (3 mL and 11 mL vials): see Table 2 (loading doses) and Table 3 (maintenance doses)

   ULTOMIRIS 10 mg/mL (30 mL vial): see Table 4 (loading doses) and Table 5 (maintenance doses)

4. Administer the prepared solution immediately following preparation. Refer to Table 2 (loading doses) and Table 3 (maintenance doses) for ULTOMIRIS 100 mg/mL (3 mL and 11 mL vials) and Table 4 (loading doses) and Table 5 (maintenance doses) for ULTOMIRIS 10 mg/mL (30 mL vial) for minimum infusion duration. Infusion must be administered through a 0.2 or 0.22 micron filter.
5. If the diluted ULTOMIRIS infusion solution is not used immediately, storage under refrigeration at 2°C - 8°C (36°F - 46°F) must not exceed 24 hours taking into account the expected infusion time. Once removed from refrigeration, administer the diluted ULTOMIRIS infusion solution within 6 hours if prepared with ULTOMIRIS 30 mL vials or within 4 hours if prepared with ULTOMIRIS 3 mL or 11 mL vials.

Administration of ULTOMIRIS

Only administer as an intravenous infusion.

Dilute ULTOMIRIS to a final concentration of:

• 50 mg/mL for the 3 mL and 11 mL vial sizes or
• 5 mg/mL for the 30 mL vial size.

Administer ULTOMIRIS only through a 0.2 or 0.22 micron filter.

Prior to administration, allow the admixture to adjust to room temperature (18°C - 25°C, 64°F - 77°F). Do not heat the admixture in a microwave or with any heat source other than ambient air temperature.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

If an adverse reaction occurs during the administration of ULTOMIRIS, the infusion may be slowed or stopped at the discretion of the physician. Monitor the patient for at least one hour following completion of the infusion for signs or symptoms of an infusion-related reaction.

Risk and Prevention

Life-threatening meningococcal infections have occurred in patients treated with ULTOMIRIS. The use of ULTOMIRIS increases a patient's susceptibility to serious meningococcal infections (septicemia and/or meningitis). Meningococcal disease due to any serogroup may occur.

Vaccinate for meningococcal disease according to the most current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations for patients with complement deficiencies. Revaccinate patients in accordance with ACIP recommendations considering the duration of ULTOMIRIS therapy.

Immunize patients without a history of meningococcal vaccination at least 2 weeks prior to receiving the first dose of ULTOMIRIS. If urgent ULTOMIRIS therapy is indicated in an unvaccinated patient, administer meningococcal vaccine(s) as soon as possible and provide patients with 2 weeks of antibacterial drug prophylaxis.

In clinical studies, 59 adult patients with PNH were treated with ULTOMIRIS less than 2 weeks after meningococcal vaccination. All of these patients received antibiotics for prophylaxis of meningococcal infection until at least 2 weeks after meningococcal vaccination. The benefits and risks of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of meningococcal infections in patients receiving ULTOMIRIS have not been established.

Vaccination reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of meningococcal infections. In PNH clinical studies in adult patients, 3 out of 261 PNH patients developed serious meningococcal infections/sepsis while receiving treatment with ULTOMIRIS; all 3 had been vaccinated. These 3 patients recovered while continuing treatment with ULTOMIRIS. In the PNH study in pediatric patients, no meningococcal infections occurred among the 13 patients receiving treatment with ULTOMIRIS.

Closely monitor patients for early signs and symptoms of meningococcal infection and evaluate patients immediately if infection is suspected. Inform patients of these signs and symptoms and steps to be taken to seek immediate medical care. Meningococcal infection may become rapidly life-threatening or fatal if not recognized and treated early. Consider discontinuation of ULTOMIRIS in patients who are undergoing treatment for serious meningococcal infection.

REMS

Due to the risk of meningococcal infections, ULTOMIRIS is available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS). Under the ULTOMIRIS REMS, prescribers must enroll in the program.

Prescribers must counsel patients about the risk of meningococcal infection/sepsis, provide the patients with the REMS educational materials, and ensure patients are vaccinated with meningococcal vaccines.

Enrollment in the ULTOMIRIS REMS and additional information are available by telephone: 1-888-765-4747 or at www.ultomirisrems.com.

Treatment Discontinuation for PNH

After discontinuing treatment with ULTOMIRIS, closely monitor for signs and symptoms of hemolysis, identified by elevated LDH along with sudden decrease in PNH clone size or hemoglobin, or reappearance of symptoms such as fatigue, hemoglobinuria, abdominal pain, shortness of breath (dyspnea), major adverse vascular event (including thrombosis), dysphagia, or erectile dysfunction. Monitor any patient who discontinues ULTOMIRIS for at least 16 weeks to detect hemolysis and other reactions. If signs and symptoms of hemolysis occur after discontinuation, including elevated LDH, consider restarting treatment with ULTOMIRIS.

Treatment Discontinuation for aHUS

ULTOMIRIS treatment of aHUS should be a minimum duration of 6 months. Due to heterogeneous nature of aHUS events and patient-specific risk factors, treatment duration beyond the initial 6 months should be individualized.

There are no specific data on ULTOMIRIS discontinuation.

After discontinuing treatment with ULTOMIRIS, patients should be monitored for clinical symptoms and laboratory signs of TMA complications for at least 12 months.

TMA complications post-discontinuation can be identified if any of the following is observed:

• Clinical symptoms of TMA include changes in mental status, seizures, angina, dyspnea, thrombosis or increasing blood pressure.
• In addition, at least two of the following laboratory signs observed concurrently and results should be confirmed by a second measurement 28 days apart with no interruption
  • a decrease in platelet count of 25% or more as compared to either baseline or to peak platelet count during ULTOMIRIS treatment;
  • an increase in serum creatinine of 25% or more as compared to baseline or to nadir during ULTOMIRIS treatment;
  • an increase in serum LDH of 25% or more as compared to baseline or to nadir during ULTOMIRIS treatment.

If TMA complications occur after ULTOMIRIS discontinuation, consider reinitiation of ULTOMIRIS treatment or appropriate organ-specific supportive measures.

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)

Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS)

The data described below reflect exposure of 58 adult and 16 pediatric patients with aHUS in single-arm trials who received ULTOMIRIS at the recommended dose and schedule. The most frequent adverse reactions reported in ≥20% of patients treated with ULTOMIRIS were upper respiratory tract infection, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, hypertension and pyrexia. Tables 8, 9 and 10 describes adverse reactions that occurred at a rate of 10% or more among patients treated with ULTOMIRIS in aHUS studies. Serious adverse reactions were reported in 42 (57%) patients with aHUS receiving ULTOMIRIS. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in more than 2 patients (2.7%) treated with ULTOMIRIS were hypertension, pneumonia and abdominal pain. Four patients died during the ALXN1210-aHUS-311 study. The cause of death was sepsis in two patients and intracranial hemorrhage in one patient. The fourth patient, who was excluded from the trial after a diagnosis of STEC-HUS, died due to pretreatment cerebral arterial thrombosis.

Clinically relevant adverse reactions in <10% of patients include viral tonsillitis.

Clinically relevant adverse reactions in <10% of patients include viral infection.

Clinically relevant adverse reactions in <10% of patients include viral infection.

Risk Summary

There are no available data on ULTOMIRIS use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with untreated PNH and aHUS in pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations). Animal studies using a mouse analogue of the ravulizumab-cwvz molecule (murine anti-C5 antibody) showed increased rates of developmental abnormalities and an increased rate of dead and moribund offspring at doses 0.8-2.2 times the human dose (see Data).

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.

Clinical Considerations

Data

Risk summary

There are no data on the presence of ravulizumab-cwvz in human milk, the effect on the breastfed child, or the effect on milk production. Since many medicinal products and immunoglobulins are secreted into human milk, and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a nursing child, breastfeeding should be discontinued during treatment and for 8 months after the final dose.

Distribution

The mean (%CV) volume of distribution at steady state was 5.30 (17.9) L and 5.22 (35.4) L in patients with PNH and aHUS, respectively.

Elimination

The mean (%CV) terminal elimination half-life of ravulizumab-cwvz was 49.6 (18.3) days and 51.8 (31.3) days in patients with PNH and aHUS, respectively. The mean (%CV) clearance of ravulizumab-cwvz was 0.08 (28.1) L/day and 0.08 (53.3) L/day in patients with PNH and aHUS, respectively.

Specific Populations

No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of ravulizumab-cwvz were observed based on sex, age (10 months to 83 years), race, hepatic impairment, or any degree of renal impairment, including patients with proteinuria or receiving dialysis.

Body weight was a clinically significant covariate on the pharmacokinetics of ravulizumab-cwvz.

Study in Complement-Inhibitor Naïve Adult Patients with PNH

The Complement-Inhibitor Naïve Study [ALXN1210-PNH-301; NCT02946463] was a 26-week, multicenter, open-label, randomized, active-controlled, non-inferiority Phase 3 study conducted in 246 patients naïve to complement inhibitor treatment prior to study entry.

Patients with PNH with flow cytometric confirmation of at least 5% PNH cells were randomized 1:1 to either ULTOMIRIS or eculizumab. The mean total PNH granulocyte clone size was 85%, the mean total PNH monocyte clone size was 88%, and the mean total PNH RBC clone size was 39%. Ninety-eight percent of patients had a documented PNH-associated condition diagnosed prior to enrollment on the trial: anemia (85%), hemoglobinuria (63%), history of aplastic anemia (32%), history of renal failure (12%), myelodysplastic syndrome (5%), pregnancy complications (3%), and other (16%). Major baseline characteristics were balanced between treatment groups. Table 13 provides the baseline characteristics for the patients enrolled in the complement-inhibitor naïve study.

Efficacy was established based upon transfusion avoidance and hemolysis as directly measured by normalization of LDH levels. Transfusion avoidance was defined as patients who did not receive a transfusion and did not meet the protocol specified guidelines for transfusion from baseline up to Day 183. Supportive efficacy data included the percent change from baseline in LDH levels, the proportion of patients with breakthrough hemolysis defined as at least one new or worsening symptom or sign of intravascular hemolysis in the presence of elevated LDH ≥ 2 × ULN, after prior LDH reduction to < 1.5 × ULN on therapy and the proportion of patients with stabilized hemoglobin.

Non-inferiority of ULTOMIRIS to eculizumab was demonstrated across endpoints in the complement inhibitor naïve treatment population described in Table 14 below.

There was no observable difference in fatigue between ULTOMIRIS and eculizumab after 26 weeks of treatment compared to baseline as measured by the FACIT-fatigue instrument. Patient-reported fatigue may be an under-or over-estimation, because patients were not blinded to treatment assignment.

Study in Eculizumab-Experienced Adult Patients with PNH

The study in eculizumab-experienced patients [ALXN1210-PNH-302; NCT03056040] was a 26-week, multicenter, open-label, randomized, active-controlled, non-inferiority Phase 3 study conducted in 195 patients with PNH who were clinically stable after having been treated with eculizumab for at least the past 6 months.

Patients who demonstrated clinically stable disease after being treated with eculizumab for at least the prior 6 months were randomized 1:1 to either continue eculizumab or to switch to ULTOMIRIS. The mean total PNH granulocyte clone size was 83%, the mean total PNH monocyte clone size was 86%, and the mean total PNH RBC clone size was 60%. Ninety five percent of patients had a documented PNH-associated condition diagnosed prior to enrollment in the trial: anemia (67%), hematuria or hemoglobinuria (49%), history of aplastic anemia (37%), history of renal failure (9%), myelodysplastic syndrome (5%), pregnancy complication (7%), and other (14%). Major baseline characteristics were balanced between the two treatment groups. Table 15 provides the baseline characteristics for the patients enrolled in the eclulizumab-experienced study.

Efficacy was established based on hemolysis as measured by LDH percent change from baseline to Day 183 and supportive efficacy data was transfusion avoidance, proportion of patients with stabilized hemoglobin, and the proportion of patients with breakthrough hemolysis through Day 183.

Non-inferiority of ULTOMIRIS to eculizumab was demonstrated across endpoints in the patients with PNH previously treated with eculizumab described in Table 16 below.

There was no observable difference in fatigue between ULTOMIRIS and eculizumab after 26 weeks of treatment compared to baseline as measured by the FACIT-fatigue instrument. Patient-reported fatigue may be an under-or over-estimation, because patients were not blinded to treatment assignment.

Study in Eculizumab-Experienced and Complement-Inhibitor Naïve Pediatric Patients with PNH

The pediatric study, ALXN1210-PNH-304, was a multi-center, open-label Phase 3 study conducted in eculizumab-experienced and complement inhibitor treatment-naïve pediatric patients with PNH. A total of 13 pediatric patients with PNH completed ULTOMIRIS treatment during the Primary Evaluation Period (26 weeks). Five of the 13 patients had never been treated with complement inhibitors and 8 patients were treated with eculizumab. Eleven of the thirteen patients were between 12 and 17 years of age at first infusion, with 2 patients under 12 years old (11 and 9 years old). Table 17 presents the baseline characteristics of the pediatric patients enrolled in Study ALXN1210-PNH-304.

Based on body weight, patients received a loading dose of ULTOMIRIS on Day 1, followed by maintenance treatment on Day 15 and once every 8 weeks (q8w) thereafter for patients weighing ≥ 20 kg, or once every 4 weeks (q4w) for patients weighing < 20 kg. For patients who entered the study on eculizumab therapy, Day 1 of study treatment was planned to occur 2 weeks from the patient's last dose of SOLIRIS.

The weight-based dose regimen of ravulizumab-cwvz provided inhibition of terminal complement in all patients throughout the entire 26-week treatment period regardless of prior experience with eculizumab. Following initiation of ravulizumab-cwvz treatment, steady-state therapeutic serum concentrations of ravulizumab-cwvz were achieved after the first dose and maintained throughout the primary evaluation period in both cohorts. Three of 5 complement inhibitor treatment-naïve patients and 6 out of 8 eculizumab-experienced patients achieved hemoglobin stabilization by Week 26, respectively. Transfusion avoidance was reached for 11 out of 13 of patients during the 26-week Primary Evaluation Period. One patient experienced breakthrough hemolysis during the extension period. Table 18 presents secondary efficacy outcomes for the primary evaluation period.

A clinically relevant improvement from baseline in fatigue as assessed by Pediatric FACIT-Fatigue (i.e., mean improvement of > 3 units for Pediatric FACIT Fatigue scores) was sustained throughout the primary evaluation period in the 5-complement inhibitor treatment naïve patients. A slight improvement was also observed in eculizumab-experienced patients. However, patient-reported fatigue may be an under-or over-estimation, because patients were not blinded to treatment assignment.

The efficacy of ULTOMIRIS in pediatric patients with PNH is similar to that observed in adult patients with PNH enrolled in pivotal studies.

Study in Adult Patients with aHUS

The adult study [ALXN1210-aHUS-311; NCT02949128] was conducted in patients who were naïve to complement inhibitor treatment prior to study entry. The study consisted of a 26-week Initial Evaluation Period and patients were allowed to enter an extension period for up to 4.5 years.

A total of 56 patients with aHUS were evaluated for efficacy. Ninety-three percent of patients had extra-renal signs (cardiovascular, pulmonary, central nervous system, gastrointestinal, skin, skeletal muscle) or symptoms of aHUS at baseline. At baseline, 71.4% (n = 40) of patients had Stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fourteen percent had a medical history of kidney transplant and 51.8% were on dialysis at study entry. Eight patients entered the study with evidence of TMA for > 3 days after childbirth (ie, postpartum).

Table 19 presents the demographics and baseline characteristics of the 56 adult patients enrolled in Study ALXN1210-aHUS-311 that constituted the Full Analysis Set.

The efficacy evaluation was based on Complete TMA Response during the 26-week Initial Evaluation Period, as evidenced by normalization of hematological parameters (platelet count and LDH) and ≥ 25% improvement in serum creatinine from baseline. Patients had to meet each Complete TMA Response criteria at 2 separate assessments obtained at least 4 weeks (28 days) apart, and any measurement in between.

Complete TMA Response was observed in 30 of the 56 patients (54%) during the 26-week Initial Evaluation Period as shown in Table 20.

One additional patient had a Complete TMA Response that was confirmed after the 26-week Initial Evaluation Period. Complete TMA Response was achieved at a median time of 86 days (range: 7 to 169 days). The median duration of Complete TMA Response was 7.97 months (range: 2.52 to 16.69 months). All responses were maintained through all available follow-up.

Other endpoints included platelet count change from baseline, dialysis requirement, and renal function as evaluated by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

An increase in mean platelet count was observed after commencement of ULTOMIRIS, increasing from 118.52 × 109/L at baseline to 240.34 ×109/L at Day 8 and remaining above 227 × 109/L at all subsequent visits in the Initial Evaluation Period (26 weeks).

Renal function, as measured by eGFR, was improved or maintained during ULTOMIRIS therapy. The mean eGFR (+/- SD) increased from 15.86 (14.82) at baseline to 51.83 (39.16) by 26 weeks. In patients with Complete TMA Response, renal function continued to improve after the Complete TMA Response was achieved .

Seventeen of the 29 patients (59%) who required dialysis at study entry discontinued dialysis by the end of the available follow-up and 6 of 27 (22%) patients were off dialysis at baseline were on dialysis at last available follow-up.

Study in Pediatric Patients with aHUS

The Pediatric Study [ALXN1210-aHUS-312; NCT03131219] is a 26-week ongoing, multicenter, single-arm study conducted in 16 pediatric patients.

A total of 14 eculizumab-naïve patients with documented diagnosis of aHUS were enrolled and included in this interim analysis. The median age at the time of first infusion was 5.2 years (range 0.9, 17.3 years). The overall mean weight at Baseline was 19.8 kg; half of the patients were in the baseline weight category ≥ 10 to < 20 kg. The majority of patients (71%) had pretreatment extra-renal signs (cardiovascular, pulmonary, central nervous system, gastrointestinal, skin, skeletal muscle) or symptoms of aHUS at baseline. At baseline, 35.7% (n = 5) of patients had a CKD Stage 5. Seven percent had history of prior kidney transplant and 35.7% were on dialysis at study entry.

Table 21 presents the baseline characteristics of the pediatric patients enrolled in Study ALXN1210-aHUS-312.

Efficacy evaluation was based upon Complete TMA Response during the 26-week Initial Evaluation Period, as evidenced by normalization of hematological parameters (platelet count and LDH) and ≥ 25% improvement in serum creatinine from baseline. Patients had to meet all Complete TMA Response criteria at 2 separate assessments obtained at least 4 weeks (28 days) apart, and any measurement in between.

Complete TMA Response was observed in 10 of the 14 patients (71%) during the 26-week Initial Evaluation Period as shown in Table 22.

Complete TMA Response during the Initial Evaluation Period was achieved at a median time of 30 days (range:15 to 88 days). The median duration of Complete TMA Response was 5.08 months (range: 3.08 to 5.54 months). All responses were maintained through all available follow-up.

Other endpoints included platelet count change from baseline, dialysis requirement, and renal function as evaluated by eGFR.

An increase in mean platelet count was observed after commencement of ULTOMIRIS, increasing from 60.50 × 109/L at baseline to 296.67 × 109/L at Day 8 and remained above 296 × 109/L at all subsequent visits in the Initial Evaluation Period (26 weeks). The mean eGFR (+/- SD) increased from 28.4 (23.11) at baseline to 108.0 (63.21) by 26 weeks.

Four of the 5 patients who required dialysis at study entry were able to discontinue dialysis after the first month in study and for the duration of ULTOMIRIS treatment. No patient started dialysis during the study.