1.1 Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP)

NUZYRA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) caused by the following susceptible microorganisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible isolates), Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae.

1.2 Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSI)

NUZYRA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) caused by the following susceptible microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates), Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus anginosus grp. (includes S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus), Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

1.3 Usage

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of NUZYRA and other antibacterial drugs, NUZYRA should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.

2.1 Important Administration Instructions

2.2 Dosage in Adults with Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP)

For treatment of adults with CABP the recommended dosage regimen (loading and maintenance) of NUZYRA is described in Table 1 below.

2.3 Dosage in Adults with Acute Bacterial Skin Structure and Skin Infections (ABSSSI)

For treatment of adults with ABSSSI, the recommended dosage regimen (loading and maintenance) of NUZYRA is described in Table 2 below.

2.4 Dosage Adjustments in Patients with Renal or Hepatic Impairment

No dosage adjustment is warranted in patients with renal or hepatic impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

2.5 Preparation and Administration of NUZYRA for Injection Intravenous Solution

3.1 NUZYRA for Injection

Each single-dose vial contains 100 mg omadacycline (equivalent to 131 mg omadacycline tosylate) which must be reconstituted and further diluted prior to intravenous infusion. The lyophilized powder is a yellow to dark orange cake.

3.2 NUZYRA Tablets

Each tablet contains 150 mg of omadacycline (equivalent to 196 mg omadacycline tosylate) in yellow, diamond-shaped, film-coated tablets debossed with OMC on one side and 150 on the other side.

5.1 Mortality Imbalance in Patients with Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

Mortality imbalance was observed in the CABP clinical trial with eight deaths (2%) occurring in patients treated with NUZYRA compared to four deaths (1%) in patients treated with moxifloxacin. The cause of the mortality imbalance has not been established.

All deaths, in both treatment arms, occurred in patients > 65 years of age; most patients had multiple comorbidities [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)]. The causes of death varied and included worsening and/or complications of infection and underlying conditions. Closely monitor clinical response to therapy in CABP patients, particularly in those at higher risk for mortality [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

5.2 Tooth Discoloration and Enamel Hypoplasia

The use of NUZYRA during tooth development (last half of pregnancy, infancy, and childhood up to the age of 8 years) may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth (yellow-gray-brown). This adverse reaction is more common during long-term use of the tetracycline class drugs, but it has been observed following repeated short-term courses. Enamel hypoplasia has also been reported with tetracycline class drugs. Advise the patient of the potential risk to the fetus if NUZYRA is used during the second or third trimester of pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.4)].

5.3 Inhibition of Bone Growth

The use of NUZYRA during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, infancy and childhood up to the age of 8 years may cause reversible inhibition of bone growth. All tetracyclines form a stable calcium complex in any bone-forming tissue. A decrease in fibula growth rate has been observed in premature infants given oral tetracycline in doses of 25 mg/kg every 6 hours. This reaction was shown to be reversible when the drug was discontinued. Advise the patient of the potential risk to the fetus if NUZYRA is used during the second or third trimester of pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.4)].

5.4 Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported with NUZYRA [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Life-threatening hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions have been reported with other tetracycline-class antibacterial drugs. NUZYRA is structurally similar to other tetracycline-class antibacterial drugs and is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to tetracycline-class antibacterial drugs [see Contraindications (4)]. Discontinue NUZYRA if an allergic reaction occurs.

5.5 Clostridioides difficile-Associated Diarrhea

Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.

C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibacterial drug use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents.

If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibacterial drug use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibacterial drug treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.

5.6 Tetracycline Class Effects

NUZYRA is structurally similar to tetracycline-class of antibacterial drugs and may have similar adverse reactions. Adverse reactions including photosensitivity, pseudotumor cerebri, and anti-anabolic action which has led to increased BUN, azotemia, acidosis, hyperphosphatemia, pancreatitis, and abnormal liver function tests, have been reported for other tetracycline-class antibacterial drugs, and may occur with NUZYRA. Discontinue NUZYRA if any of these adverse reactions are suspected.

5.7 Development of Drug-Resistant Bacteria

Prescribing NUZYRA in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria [see Indications and Usage (1.3)].

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

7.1 Anticoagulant Drugs

Because tetracyclines have been shown to depress plasma prothrombin activity, patients who are on anticoagulant therapy may require downward adjustment of their anticoagulant dosage while also taking NUZYRA.

7.2 Antacids and Iron Preparations

Absorption of oral tetracyclines, including NUZYRA, is impaired by antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium, bismuth subsalicylate, and iron containing preparations [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].

8.1 Pregnancy

8.2 Lactation

8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of NUZYRA in pediatric patients below the age of 18 years have not been established.

Due to the adverse effects of the tetracycline-class of drugs, including NUZYRA on tooth development and bone growth, use of NUZYRA in pediatric patients less than 8 years of age is not recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2)]

8.5 Geriatric Use

Of the total number of patients who received NUZYRA in the Phase 3 clinical trials (n=1073), 200 patients were ≥ 65 years of age, including 92 patients who were ≥75 years of age. In Trial 1, numerically lower clinical success rates at early clinical response (ECR) timepoint for NUZYRA-treated and moxifloxacin-treated patients (75.5% and 78.7%, respectively) were observed in CABP patients ≥ 65 years of age as compared to patients <65 years of age (85.2% and 86.3%, respectively). Additionally, all deaths in the CABP trial occurred in patients >65 years of age [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

No significant difference in NUZYRA exposure was observed between healthy elderly subjects and younger subjects following a single 100-mg IV dose of NUZYRA [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

8.6 Hepatic Impairment

No dose adjustment of NUZYRA is warranted in patients with mild, moderate, or severe hepatic insufficiency (Child-Pugh classes A, B, or C) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

8.7 Renal Impairment

No dose adjustment of NUZYRA is warranted in patients with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment, including patients with end stage renal disease who are receiving hemodialysis [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

12.1 Mechanism of Action

NUZYRA is an antibacterial drug [see Microbiology (12.4)]

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetic parameters of NUZYRA after single and multiple oral and intravenous doses are summarized in Table 6.

Lung Penetration

The mean omadacycline concentrations over time for alveolar cells (AC), epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and plasma following IV administration of multiple doses of 100-mg of NUZYRA to healthy volunteers are shown in Figure 1. The steady-state omadacycline AUC0-24h (302.5 hr*mcg/mL) in AC was 25.8-fold higher than the plasma AUC0-24h, and the AUC0-24h (17.2 hr*mcg/mL) in ELF was 1.5-fold higher than the AUC0-24h in plasma.

Figure 1: Mean (± SD) Concentrations of Omadacycline in Alveolar Cells, Epithelial Lining, and Plasma Following Multiple 100 mg IV Doses of NUZYRA to Healthy Subjects During Bronchoscopy Sampling Times

12.4 Microbiology

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology

Hyperpigmentation of the thyroid has been produced by members of the tetracycline class in the following species: in rats by omadacycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, tetracycline PO4, and methacycline; in minipigs by doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline PO4, and methacycline; in dogs by doxycycline and minocycline; in monkeys by omadacycline and minocycline.

Minocycline, tetracycline PO4, methacycline, doxycycline, tetracycline base, oxytetracycline HCl, and tetracycline HCl were goitrogenic in rats fed a low iodine diet. This goitrogenic effect was accompanied by high radioactive iodine uptake. Administration of minocycline also produced a large goiter with high radioiodine uptake in rats fed a relatively high iodine diet.

Treatment of various animal species with this class of drugs has also resulted in the induction of thyroid hyperplasia in the following: in rats and dogs (minocycline); in chickens (chlortetracycline); and in rats and mice (oxytetracycline). Adrenal gland hyperplasia has been observed in goats and rats treated with oxytetracycline.

14.1 Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

A total of 774 adults with CABP were randomized in a multinational, double-blind, double-dummy trial (Trial 1, NCT #02531438) comparing NUZYRA to moxifloxacin. NUZYRA was administered 100-mg intravenously every 12 hours for two doses on Day 1, followed by 100-mg intravenously daily, or 300-mg orally, daily. Moxifloxacin 400-mg was administered intravenously or orally daily. Total treatment duration was 7-14 days. All enrolled patients were expected to require a minimum of at least 3 days of intravenous treatment. Efficacy and safety of an oral loading dose was not evaluated in CABP.

A total of 386 patients were randomized to NUZYRA and 388 patients were randomized to moxifloxacin. Patient demographic and baseline characteristics were balanced between the treatment groups. Patients were predominantly male (55%) and white (92%). Approximately 60% of patients in each group belonged to PORT Risk Class III, 26% were PORT Risk Class IV and 14.5% were PORT Risk Class II. The median age was 62 years, mean BMI was 27.34 kg/m2, and approximately 47% of NUZYRA treated patients had CrCl <90 ml/min. Among NUZYRA-treated patients, common comorbid conditions included hypertension (49.5%), diabetes mellitus (16.3%), chronic lung disease (21.2%), atrial fibrillation (10.1%), and coronary artery disease (9.1%). The majority of sites were in Eastern Europe, which accounted for 82% of enrollment; 3 patients were enrolled in the US.

Clinical success at the early clinical response (ECR) timepoint, 72 to 120 hours after the first dose, was defined as survival with improvement in at least two of four symptoms (cough, sputum production, chest pain, dyspnea) without deterioration in any of these four symptoms in the intent to treat population (ITT), which consisted of all randomized patients.

Table 7 presents the clinical success rates at the ECR timepoint (ITT population).

Clinical response was also assessed by the investigator at the post therapy evaluation visit (PTE), 5 to 10 days after last dose of study drug and defined as survival and improvement in signs and symptoms of CABP, based on the clinician's judgment, to the extent that further antibacterial therapy is not necessary. Table 8 presents the results of clinical response at the PTE visit for both the ITT population and the Clinically Evaluable (CE) population, which consisted of all ITT patients who had a diagnosis of CABP, received a minimum number of expected doses of study drug, did not have any protocol deviations that would affect the assessment of efficacy, and had investigator assessment at the PTE visit. Clinical response rates by most common baseline pathogen in the microbiological ITT (micro-ITT) population, defined as all randomized patients with a baseline pathogen are presented in Table 9.

14.2 Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections

A total of 1390 adults with ABSSSI were randomized in two multicenter, multinational, double-blind, double-dummy trials (Trial 2 NCT #02378480 and Trial 3 NCT #02877927). Both trials compared 7 to 14 days of NUZYRA to linezolid. Patients with cellulitis, major abscess, or wound infection were enrolled in the trials.

In Trial 2, 329 patients were randomized to NUZYRA (100-mg intravenously every 12 hours for 2 doses followed by 100-mg intravenously every 24 hours, with the option to switch to 300-mg orally every 24 hours) and 326 patients were randomized to linezolid (600-mg intravenously every 12 hours, with the option to switch to 600-mg orally every 12 hours). Patients in the trial had the following infections: cellulitis (38%), wound infection (33%) and major abscess (29%). The mean surface area of the infected lesion was 455 cm2 in NUZYRA-treated patients and 498 cm2 in linezolid-treated patients. The mean age of patients was 47 years. Subjects were predominantly male (65%) and white (92%), and mean BMI was 28.1 kg/m2. Among NUZYRA-treated patients, common comorbid conditions included drug abuse (53.9%), hepatitis C (29.1%), hypertension (20.4%), anxiety (19.5%), and depression (15.5%). Trial 2 was conducted globally including approximately 60% of patients enrolled in the United States.

In Trial 3, 368 patients were randomized to NUZYRA (450-mg oral once a day on Days 1 and 2, followed by 300-mg orally once a day) and 367 were randomized to linezolid (600-mg orally every 12 hours). All patients were enrolled in the United States. Patients in the trial had the following infections: wound infections (58%), cellulitis (24%), and major abscess (18%). The mean surface area of the infected lesion was 424 cm2 in NUZYRA-treated patients and 399 cm2 in linezolid-treated patients. The mean age of patients was 44 years. Subjects were predominantly male (63%) and white (91%) and mean BMI was 27.9 kg/m2. The most common comorbid conditions included drug abuse (72.8%), tobacco use (12.0%), and chronic hepatitis C infection (31.5%).

In Trials 2 and 3, approximately 12% of NUZYRA treated patients had CrCl <90 ml/min.

In both trials, efficacy was determined by the successful early clinical response at 48 to 72 hours after the first dose in the mITT population and was defined as a 20% or greater decrease in lesion size. Table 10 summarizes the clinical response rates in the two trials. The mITT population was defined as all randomized subjects without a sole Gram-negative causative pathogen at screening.

Clinical response at the post therapy evaluation (PTE, 7 to 14 days after last dose) visit in the mITT and clinically evaluable (CE) populations was defined as survival after completion of study treatment without receiving any alternative antibacterial therapy other than NUZYRA, without unplanned major surgical intervention, and sufficient resolution of infection such that further antibacterial therapy is not needed (see Table 11). Clinical response rates at PTE by most common pathogen in the microbiological-mITT population, defined as all patients in the mITT population, who had at least 1 Gram- positive causative pathogen identified at baseline are provided in Table 12. The CE population consisted of all mITT patients who had a diagnosis of ABSSSI, received a minimum number of expected doses of study drug, did not have any protocol deviations that would affect the assessment of efficacy, and had investigator assessment at the PTE Visit.

16.1 How Supplied

16.2 Storage and Handling

NUZYRA for Injection and NUZYRA Tablets should be stored at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature] [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)]. Do not freeze.

Nausea and Vomiting

Advise patients that nausea and vomiting can be an adverse reaction to NUZYRA. Advise patients that a greater proportion of patients who received the oral loading dose of NUZYRA for treatment of ABSSSI experienced nausea and vomiting.

Allergic Reactions

Advise patients that allergic reactions, including serious allergic reactions, could occur and that serious allergic reactions require immediate treatment. Ask the patient about any previous hypersensitivity reactions to NUZYRA, or other tetracycline class antibacterials [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

Administration with Food

Instruct patients to fast 4 hours before and 2 hours after taking NUZYRA tablets and not to consume dairy products, antacids, or multivitamins for 4 hours after taking NUZYRA tablets [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Tooth Discoloration and Inhibition of Bone Growth

Advise patients that NUZYRA, like other tetracycline-class drugs, may cause permanent tooth discoloration of deciduous teeth and reversible inhibition of bone growth when administered during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant during treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.4)].

Lactation

Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with NUZYRA and for 4 days after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)]

Diarrhea

Advise patients that diarrhea is a common problem caused by antibacterial drugs, including NUZYRA, which usually ends when the antibacterial drugs is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibacterial drugs, patients can develop watery or bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever). If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible.

Tetracycline Class Adverse Reactions

Inform patients that NUZYRA is similar to tetracycline-class antibacterial drugs and may have similar adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].

Antibacterial Resistance

Advise patients that antibacterial drugs including NUZYRA should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When NUZYRA is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by NUZYRA or other antibacterial drugs in the future.