2.1 Recommended Dosage and Administration Instructions

The recommended dosage and administration of Kinevac by indication is shown in Table 1. For preparation instructions see Dosage and Administration (2.2).

Table 1: Recommended Adult Dosage and Administration of Kinevac by Treatment Indication

2.2 Preparation Instructions

For Intravenous Injection

• Reconstitute Kinevac aseptically by adding 5 mL of Sterile Water for Injection USP to the vial.
• Inspect the reconstituted solution visually for particulate matter and discoloration after reconstitution and prior to administration.
• Withdraw the prescribed dose of the reconstituted solution from the vial and administer as an intravenous injection over 30 to 60 seconds, as shown in Table 1. Discard the unused portion.
• Store the reconstituted solution at room temperature. Discard after 8 hours.
• For single use only; discard unused portion.

For Intravenous Infusion

• Reconstitute Kinevac aseptically by adding 5 mL of Sterile Water for Injection USP to the vial.
• After reconstitution, withdraw the prescribed dose of the solution from the vial. Discard unused portion.
• Dilute the reconstituted solution in 30 mL or 100 mL of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection USP, depending on the indication, as described in Table 1.
• Inspect the Kinevac solutions visually for particulate matter and discoloration after reconstitution, dilution and prior to administration.
• Store the diluted solution at room temperature. Discard after 1 hour.

5.1 Anaphylaxis, Anaphylactic Shock and Other Hypersensitivity Reactions

In postmarketing experience, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock and other serious hypersensitivity reactions have been reported during and within one hour following administration of Kinevac [see Adverse Reactions (6)].

Due to the potential for anaphylaxis, appropriate medical support should be readily available when Kinevac is administered. If anaphylaxis or other hypersensitivity reactions occur, immediately discontinue the infusion and initiate appropriate medical treatment. Observe patients closely during and after the infusion. Do not reinitiate Kinevac in patients who have experienced symptoms of hypersensitivity [see Contraindications (4)].

5.2 Evacuation of Gallstones

Stimulation of gallbladder contraction in patients with small gallbladder stones could lead to the evacuation of the stones from the gallbladder, resulting in their lodging in the cystic duct or in the common bile duct.

5.3 Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions with Intravenous Injection

Administration of Kinevac as an intravenous injection may cause adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or cramping, dizziness, and flushing [see Adverse Reactions (6)]. These reactions are generally transient. To reduce the risk of adverse reactions with intravenous injection when used to simulate contraction of the gallbladder or accelerate transit of a barium meal through the small intestine, administer Kinevac as an intravenous infusion over 50 or 30 minutes, respectively [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].

5.4 Preterm Labor or Spontaneous Abortion

Because of Kinevac’s effect on smooth muscle, pregnant patients should be advised that spontaneous abortion or premature induction of labor may occur [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

7.1 Drugs that Affect Gallbladder Motility or Contractile Response

Drugs that may stimulate or inhibit gallbladder motility or contractile response may interfere with the response to sincalide. Consider discontinuing these drugs prior to administration of Kinevac, when used to simulate contraction of the gallbladder.

8.1 Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Based on limited human data and mechanism of action, sincalide may cause preterm labor or spontaneous abortion [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. Available data with sincalide for injection are insufficient to establish a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. In animal embryo-fetal development studies in which sincalide was administered to hamsters and rats during the period of organogenesis, no effects were seen at doses comparable to the maximum recommended clinical dose on a mg/kg basis. However, in a prenatal development study in which rats were administered sincalide during organogenesis through parturition, decreased weight gain and developmental delays were observed at a dose 122 times higher than the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

There were no effects on embryo-fetal development in hamsters when sincalide was administered subcutaneously at 250 or 750 ng/kg during organogenesis (Gestation Days 7 to 13) at doses up to 0.8 times the maximum recommended dose of 120 ng/kg on a body surface area basis. No effects on embryo-fetal development were observed in Sprague-Dawley rats at subcutaneous doses of 250, 450, or 750 ng/kg from Gestation Days 6 to16, representing 1.0 time the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis. In a separate study at a higher dose of 90 mcg/kg administered subcutaneously to CFY rats from Gestation Day 10 through parturition (representing 122 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis), offspring showed decreased growth, behavioral changes, and developmental delays.

8.2 Lactation

Risk Summary

There are no data regarding the presence of sincalide in human or animal milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Kinevac and any potential adverse effect on the breastfed infant from Kinevac or from the underlying condition.

8.4 Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Kinevac did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.

12.1 Mechanism of Action

When injected intravenously, sincalide stimulates gallbladder contraction and reduction in size. The evacuation of bile that results is similar to that which occurs physiologically in response to endogenous cholecystokinin. Sincalide also stimulates pancreatic secretion and intestinal motility causing pyloric contraction and slows gastric emptying.

Concurrent administration of sincalide with secretin increases both the volume of pancreatic secretion and the out-put of bicarbonate and enzymes. This combined effect of secretin and sincalide permits the assessment of specific pancreatic function through measurement and analysis of the duodenal aspirate.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

Following an intravenous (bolus) injection of 0.02 mcg/kg of sincalide, maximal contraction of the gallbladder occurred in 5 to 15 minutes. Sincalide reduced gallbladder radiographic size by at least 40%, which is generally considered satisfactory contraction.

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic or mutagenic potential, or possible impairment of fertility in males or females.