Overview
Migraine is a debilitating neurological condition that affects millions of people around the world. It's estimated that 1 in 4 American households has someone with migraines. The World Health Organization ranks migraines as the 6th highest cause of disability years worldwide. In this article, we will explore the signs and symptoms of migraines, risk factors that contribute to their development, diagnosis, and treatment options.
People Affected by Migraine: Migraine affects people of all ages, genders, and ethnicities, but women are more affected than men. According to the Migraine Research Foundation, approximately 18% of women and 6% of men experience migraines in the United States. Additionally, migraines tend to run in families, with up to 90% of people experiencing migraines having a family history of the condition.
Signs and Symptoms of Migraine: Migraines are characterized by recurring episodes of moderate to severe headache pain that is often accompanied by additional symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Migraine pain is typically a throbbing or pulsating sensation located on one side of the head. However, it can also affect both sides. Migraines can last a few hours to several days. They can be debilitating, causing people to miss work or school and significantly impacting their quality of life.
Other common migraine symptoms include:
- Visual disturbances such as seeing spots, zigzag lines, or flashing lights
- Tingling or numbness in the face or limbs
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fatigue or lethargy
- Irritability or mood changes
- Difficulty concentrating or remembering things
Risk Factors for Migraine: While the exact cause of migraines is still unknown, several factors have been identified that increase the risk of migraines. These include:
- Genetics: As mentioned earlier, migraines tend to run in families, suggesting a genetic component to the condition.
- Hormones: Women are more likely to experience migraines, and many women report that their migraines are associated with hormonal changes such as those that occur during their menstrual cycle or during pregnancy.
- Triggers: Certain environmental or lifestyle factors can trigger migraines in susceptible individuals. Common triggers include stress, lack of sleep, certain foods or drinks, and changes in the weather or altitude.
- Medical conditions: Several medical conditions are linked to migraines, including depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders.
Diagnosis of Migraine: There is no specific test to diagnose migraines, so doctors typically rely on a patient's symptoms and medical history to diagnose. Doctors may also perform a physical exam or order diagnostic tests such as an MRI or CT scan. This is to rule out other conditions that cause headaches.
Prescription Treatment for Migraine: There are several prescription medications available to treat migraines. These medications fall into two categories: abortive and preventive. Abortive medications stop a migraine in progress. Preventive medications are taken daily to reduce migraine frequency and severity.
Abortive medications include:
- Triptans: These medications constrict blood vessels in the brain and reduce inflammation. They are effective for most migraineurs and are available in pill, nasal spray, and injection form.
- Ergots: Ergot medications work similarly to triptans but are less commonly used due to their potential for side effects such as nausea and vomiting.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): These medications, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, are available over the counter and can be
Top 10 Pharmaceutical Product Names Prescribed for Migraine
Here is a list of the top 10 pharmaceutical product names prescribed for migraine, including both brand and generic names.
1. Aimovig (erenumab)
2. Emgality (galcanezumab)
3. Ajovy (fremanezumab)
4. Imitrex (sumatriptan)
5. Maxalt (rizatriptan)
6. Relpax (eletriptan)
7. Frova (frovatriptan)
8. Zomig (zolmitriptan)
9. Amerge (naratriptan)
10. Axert (almotriptan)